UK Public Sector GitHub Observatory
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BHFDSC / Code

10 languages, 60.0 MB of source, and what the live estate is written in today.

Language figures come from GitHub's own per-repository byte counts, which measure source rather than a single headline label. File counts and repository sizes come from the mirrors themselves. The two tell different stories, and the difference is the point.

The codebase

10
languages in use
60.0 MB of source
3.2k
files at HEAD
across every analysed repository
0 B
on disk as mirrors
full history, every branch and tag
47.9 MB
largest repository
cvd-covid-tre-dashboard

What stands out

One archived repository holds 31% of all the bytes.

cvd-covid-tre-dashboard is 47.9 MB of git - a 2013 static snapshot of www.gov.uk, not source code. It single-handedly makes HTML the largest language by volume (54% of all source bytes). Any size or language statistic that does not exclude it is measuring an archive, not a codebase.

Sizes here are GitHub's reported figures.

This organisation was harvested with blobless partial clones, which fetch every commit and file path but not file contents, so there is no local size to measure against. Checked elsewhere in this dataset against 1,526 fully mirrored repositories, GitHub's reported size is accurate to within about six percent.

Ruby is the house language, but its share is falling.

Ruby is the primary language of 0% of archived repositories but only 0% of live ones. Python, Go, TypeScript and HCL have taken the difference - the signature of a shift from monolithic Rails publishing apps toward data pipelines, infrastructure-as-code and platform tooling.

Most repositories are small; a handful are enormous.

85% of repositories are under a megabyte of git data. The estate is not a monolith - it is a very long tail of small services, gems and prototypes around a few large publishing applications.

Languages, two ways

By volume of source

Bytes of code. Dominated by archived static HTML.

HTMLHTML: 32.4 MB32.4 MBPythonPython: 16.7 MB16.7 MBRR: 9.6 MB9.6 MBJupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 831.5 kB831.5 kBStataStata: 442.0 kB442.0 kBSQLPLSQLPL: 19.7 kB19.7 kBJavaScriptJavaScript: 4.5 kB4.5 kBSCSSSCSS: 4.1 kB4.1 kBCSSCSS: 1.6 kB1.6 kBRubyRuby: 287 B287 B

By number of repositories

How many repositories name each language as their primary one. A better guide to what engineers actually work in.

RR: 4646PythonPython: 4646StataStata: 77HTMLHTML: 66SCSSSCSS: 33Jupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 22CSSCSS: 22SQLPLSQLPL: 11JavaScriptJavaScript: 11RubyRuby: 11

Live estate versus archive

The same language ranking, split by whether the repository is still active. The shift is the clearest signal of technical direction in the whole dataset.

Active repositories

PythonPython: 3737RR: 1818HTMLHTML: 55StataStata: 22Jupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 11

Archived repositories

PythonPython: 00RR: 00HTMLHTML: 00StataStata: 00Jupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 00

Scale

Repository size distribution

Git data per repository, log-ish buckets.

4634.52311.50< 10 kB: 22< 10 kB< 100 kB: 26< 100 kB< 1 MB: 46< 1 MB< 10 MB: 13< 10 MB< 100 MB: 4< 100 MB100 MB +: 0100 MB +

Commits against files

Each circle is a repository, sized by number of distinct authors. Both axes are logarithmic. The diagonal band is the normal relationship between codebase size and churn; outliers above it are long-lived apps with heavy iteration, below it are dumps and imports.

1.5k369.488.021.05.026.219.058.4180.0About: 146 commits, 3 files, 3 authorsCCU002: 7 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU002_01: 73 commits, 91 files, 8 authorsCCU002_02: 139 commits, 66 files, 6 authorsCCU002_03: 92 commits, 76 files, 6 authorsCCU002_04: 47 commits, 34 files, 3 authorsCCU002_06: 67 commits, 125 files, 4 authorsCCU003: 14 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU003_01: 19 commits, 13 files, 3 authorsCCU003_03: 15 commits, 29 files, 2 authorsCCU003_04: 31 commits, 68 files, 4 authorsCCU003_05: 8 commits, 10 files, 2 authorsCCU004: 7 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU004_02: 13 commits, 20 files, 2 authorsCCU004_03: 14 commits, 57 files, 2 authorsCCU005_03: 12 commits, 2 files, 3 authorsCCU005_08: 9 commits, 40 files, 3 authorsCCU007: 13 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU007_01: 10 commits, 22 files, 2 authorsCCU007_03: 55 commits, 27 files, 2 authorsCCU007_11: 8 commits, 8 files, 2 authorsCCU008: 9 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU008_01: 16 commits, 19 files, 2 authorsCCU010: 11 commits, 20 files, 3 authorsCCU013_01_ENG-COVID-19_event_phenotyping: 118 commits, 74 files, 5 authorsCCU014: 12 commits, 2 files, 2 authorsCCU014_03: 14 commits, 62 files, 3 authorsCCU014_04: 8 commits, 32 files, 2 authorsCCU016: 11 commits, 2 files, 2 authorsCCU016_01: 16 commits, 10 files, 2 authorsCCU018: 5 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU018_01: 43 commits, 63 files, 2 authorsCCU019: 18 commits, 2 files, 3 authorsCCU019_01: 13 commits, 31 files, 3 authorsCCU020: 16 commits, 49 files, 2 authorsCCU024: 9 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU024_01: 5 commits, 7 files, 2 authorsCCU024_02: 10 commits, 10 files, 2 authorsCCU029: 6 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU029_01: 43 commits, 73 files, 5 authorsCCU029_02: 10 commits, 37 files, 4 authorsCCU030: 5 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU030_01: 9 commits, 35 files, 2 authorsCCU030_02: 14 commits, 42 files, 2 authorsCCU030_03: 12 commits, 28 files, 2 authorsCCU035_01: 25 commits, 42 files, 2 authorsCCU036_01: 13 commits, 34 files, 3 authorsCCU037: 7 commits, 2 files, 2 authorsCCU037_01: 100 commits, 40 files, 6 authorsCCU037_02: 41 commits, 70 files, 4 authorsCCU037_03: 7 commits, 30 files, 2 authorsCCU040: 5 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU040_01: 15 commits, 61 files, 2 authorsCCU043_01: 7 commits, 31 files, 2 authorsCCU045_01: 9 commits, 10 files, 3 authorsCCU045_02: 19 commits, 116 files, 2 authorsCCU046: 6 commits, 2 files, 1 authorsCCU046_01: 63 commits, 77 files, 2 authorsCCU046_02: 48 commits, 78 files, 2 authorsCCU046_03: 49 commits, 45 files, 2 authorsCCU049_01: 13 commits, 25 files, 4 authorsCCU051_01: 17 commits, 42 files, 4 authorsCCU052_01: 7 commits, 32 files, 2 authorsCCU056_01: 6 commits, 34 files, 3 authorsCCU059_01: 11 commits, 14 files, 2 authorsCCU064_01: 22 commits, 17 files, 2 authorsCCU068_01: 20 commits, 50 files, 2 authorsCCU072_01: 29 commits, 38 files, 3 authorsCCU075_01: 33 commits, 76 files, 3 authorsCCU076_01: 5 commits, 52 files, 2 authorsCCU079: 5 commits, 2 files, 2 authorsCCU079_01: 10 commits, 7 files, 3 authorsCCU084_01: 7 commits, 47 files, 3 authorsCCU090_01: 45 commits, 35 files, 2 authorsHDS-Data-Insights: 11 commits, 14 files, 1 authorsLinked-EHR-England-2021: 69 commits, 33 files, 5 authorscvd-covid-tre-dashboard: 1,002 commits, 180 files, 15 authorsdocumentation: 1,550 commits, 124 files, 11 authorshds_phenotypes_ckd: 24 commits, 24 files, 4 authorshds_phenotypes_diabetes: 38 commits, 51 files, 1 authorshds_phenotypes_resources: 8 commits, 8 files, 1 authorshds_phenotypes_score_cvd_mi: 6 commits, 44 files, 1 authorsfiles at HEAD (log)commits (log)

The shape of a repository

Directory layout is the cheapest reliable signal of what a repository actually is. app/ with config/ and spec/ is a Rails application; src/ with test/ is Java or Node. Counted by how many repositories contain each top-level directory at HEAD.

Most common top-level directories

protocolprotocol: 6060codecode: 5353phenotypesphenotypes: 5252englandengland: 88waleswales: 55outsideoutside: 44wwwwww: 22datadata: 22assetsassets: 22docsdocs: 22flowchartflowchart: 22WalesWales: 11Supplementary documentsSupplementary documents: 11.idea.idea: 11scotlandscotland: 11resourcesresources: 11resultsresults: 11other_code_listsother_code_lists: 11

Most common file extensions

By total file count across the estate.

.py.py: 664664.r.r: 655655.csv.csv: 431431.md.md: 415415.sql.sql: 152152.rds.rds: 115115.rmd.rmd: 101101.txt.txt: 8383.png.png: 7272.docx.docx: 5454.pdf.pdf: 5151.do.do: 4242.html.html: 3737.ipynb.ipynb: 2727.xlsx.xlsx: 2525.tif.tif: 66

The twenty largest repositories

RepositoryLanguageGit size CommitsFilesStatus
cvd-covid-tre-dashboardR47.9 MB1,002180active
documentationR24.2 MB1,550124active
CCU002_03Python12.5 MB9276active
CCU037_01HTML11.4 MB10040active
CCU003_01Python8.9 MB1913active
CCU037_02HTML7.0 MB4170active
cancer_curationHTML6.0 MB341active
hds_phenotypes_diabetesPython3.8 MB3851active
CCU079_01-2.3 MB107active
CCU002_01R2.0 MB7391active
CCU013_01_ENG-COVID-19_event_phenotypingPython1.7 MB11874active
CCU076_01Python1.5 MB552active
CCU019_01Python1.4 MB1331active
CCU002_06Python1.3 MB67125active
CCU059_01Python1.3 MB1114active
hds_phenotypes_ckdPython1.2 MB2424active
CCU072_01Python1.1 MB2938active
CCU018_01R1.0 MB4363active
CCU019-970.8 kB182active
CCU063_03Jupyter Notebook938.0 kB146active