UK Public Sector GitHub Observatory
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datasciencecampus / Code

11 languages, 126.0 MB of source, and what the live estate is written in today.

Language figures come from GitHub's own per-repository byte counts, which measure source rather than a single headline label. File counts and repository sizes come from the mirrors themselves. The two tell different stories, and the difference is the point.

The codebase

11
languages in use
126.0 MB of source
1.6k
files at HEAD
across every analysed repository
0 B
on disk as mirrors
full history, every branch and tag
81.7 MB
largest repository
receipt_scanner

What stands out

One archived repository holds 36% of all the bytes.

receipt_scanner is 81.7 MB of git - a 2013 static snapshot of www.gov.uk, not source code. It single-handedly makes HTML the largest language by volume (96% of all source bytes). Any size or language statistic that does not exclude it is measuring an archive, not a codebase.

Sizes here are GitHub's reported figures.

This organisation was harvested with blobless partial clones, which fetch every commit and file path but not file contents, so there is no local size to measure against. Checked elsewhere in this dataset against 1,526 fully mirrored repositories, GitHub's reported size is accurate to within about six percent.

Ruby is the house language, but its share is falling.

Ruby is the primary language of 0% of archived repositories but only 0% of live ones. Python, Go, TypeScript and HCL have taken the difference - the signature of a shift from monolithic Rails publishing apps toward data pipelines, infrastructure-as-code and platform tooling.

Most repositories are small; a handful are enormous.

57% of repositories are under a megabyte of git data. The estate is not a monolith - it is a very long tail of small services, gems and prototypes around a few large publishing applications.

Languages, two ways

By volume of source

Bytes of code. Dominated by archived static HTML.

HTMLHTML: 121.1 MB121.1 MBPythonPython: 3.6 MB3.6 MBJupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 1.0 MB1.0 MBRR: 228.6 kB228.6 kBHCLHCL: 31.5 kB31.5 kBShellShell: 25.5 kB25.5 kBMakefileMakefile: 17.6 kB17.6 kBCSSCSS: 16.0 kB16.0 kBJavaScriptJavaScript: 10.7 kB10.7 kBBatchfileBatchfile: 6.3 kB6.3 kBDockerfileDockerfile: 3.6 kB3.6 kB

By number of repositories

How many repositories name each language as their primary one. A better guide to what engineers actually work in.

PythonPython: 2929ShellShell: 99CSSCSS: 88HTMLHTML: 77MakefileMakefile: 77Jupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 66BatchfileBatchfile: 55DockerfileDockerfile: 55HCLHCL: 44JavaScriptJavaScript: 22RR: 22

Live estate versus archive

The same language ranking, split by whether the repository is still active. The shift is the clearest signal of technical direction in the whole dataset.

Active repositories

PythonPython: 55HCLHCL: 22Jupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 22RR: 11HTMLHTML: 00JavaScriptJavaScript: 00CSSCSS: 00

Archived repositories

PythonPython: 1919HCLHCL: 22Jupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 11RR: 11HTMLHTML: 22JavaScriptJavaScript: 11CSSCSS: 11

Scale

Repository size distribution

Git data per repository, log-ish buckets.

129630< 10 kB: 1< 10 kB< 100 kB: 11< 100 kB< 1 MB: 12< 1 MB< 10 MB: 11< 10 MB< 100 MB: 7< 100 MB100 MB +: 0100 MB +

Commits against files

Each circle is a repository, sized by number of distinct authors. Both axes are logarithmic. The diagonal band is the normal relationship between codebase size and churn; outliers above it are long-lived apps with heavy iteration, below it are dumps and imports.

1.5k412.6110.929.88.025.917.451.5152.0NBS-LLM-classifier: 126 commits, 48 files, 6 authorsWorldPop-Malawi-fork: 136 commits, 13 files, 11 authorsashe_coding_pwa: 8 commits, 27 files, 3 authorsassess_gtfs: 257 commits, 74 files, 10 authorsbus-metrics-england: 137 commits, 50 files, 5 authorsbus-metrics-england-visual: 10 commits, 10 files, 2 authorscensus21api: 236 commits, 29 files, 20 authorscenthesus: 72 commits, 2 files, 2 authorsclassifai: 663 commits, 70 files, 15 authorsclassifai_demo: 15 commits, 13 files, 2 authorscloud-engineering-standards: 29 commits, 31 files, 4 authorsdata_scientist_learning_pathway: 19 commits, 6 files, 2 authorsdetecting-trucks: 12 commits, 67 files, 3 authorsft-R_Hackathon: 50 commits, 20 files, 9 authorsft-hackathon-python-team: 124 commits, 33 files, 7 authorsft_digital_trade: 72 commits, 100 files, 8 authorsgithub-actions: 101 commits, 36 files, 3 authorsgov-gh: 78 commits, 39 files, 5 authorsgreen-spaces: 47 commits, 57 files, 7 authorsmss-pipelines-guidance: 55 commits, 21 files, 4 authorsnatural_spaces: 27 commits, 26 files, 4 authorsnature_engagement_phase2: 50 commits, 36 files, 4 authorsoccupationcoder-international: 154 commits, 38 files, 16 authorsons-github-app: 33 commits, 46 files, 3 authorsparliai-public: 78 commits, 36 files, 3 authorspprl_toolkit: 129 commits, 64 files, 9 authorsproject-repo-template: 55 commits, 17 files, 7 authorsrail_reporter: 120 commits, 25 files, 8 authorsreceipt_scanner: 12 commits, 20 files, 2 authorssic-soc-llm: 9 commits, 49 files, 3 authorssomalia_census_support_public_application: 614 commits, 28 files, 30 authorsstatschat-global: 400 commits, 58 files, 14 authorsterraform-gcs-remote-state-bootstrap: 93 commits, 21 files, 4 authorstf-gcp-bootstrap: 38 commits, 35 files, 5 authorstf-gcp-pam-ci-entitlement: 59 commits, 36 files, 5 authorstransport-network-performance: 1,536 commits, 152 files, 18 authorstransport-performance-docker: 85 commits, 19 files, 3 authorstransport-performance-visual: 23 commits, 10 files, 4 authorsupdate-tf-modules: 200 commits, 52 files, 10 authorsfiles at HEAD (log)commits (log)

The shape of a repository

Directory layout is the cheapest reliable signal of what a repository actually is. app/ with config/ and spec/ is a Rails application; src/ with test/ is Java or Node. Counted by how many repositories contain each top-level directory at HEAD.

Most common top-level directories

srcsrc: 2424teststests: 1818datadata: 1818docsdocs: 1717outputsoutputs: 1111configsconfigs: 66notebooksnotebooks: 55scriptsscripts: 55loglog: 33examplesexamples: 33assetsassets: 22wwwwww: 22demodemo: 11soc_coding_toolsoc_coding_tool: 11archivearchive: 11experimental_metricsexperimental_metrics: 11DEMODEMO: 11terraform-reviewterraform-review: 11

Most common file extensions

By total file count across the estate.

.py.py: 472472.md.md: 285285.yml.yml: 104104.png.png: 7474.qmd.qmd: 6363.ipynb.ipynb: 5858.yaml.yaml: 4141.toml.toml: 3333.txt.txt: 3232.json.json: 2626.html.html: 2323.csv.csv: 1919.tf.tf: 1919.sh.sh: 1414.r.r: 1313.pkl.pkl: 1212

The twenty largest repositories

RepositoryLanguageGit size CommitsFilesStatus
receipt_scannerPython81.7 MB1220archived
detecting-trucksPython28.0 MB1267archived
somalia_census_support_public_applicationPython22.3 MB61428archived
bus-metrics-england-visualHTML15.0 MB1010archived
transport-network-performancePython13.4 MB1,536152archived
transport-performance-visualHTML12.9 MB2310archived
classifaiPython10.9 MB66370active
assess_gtfsPython8.8 MB25774archived
NBS-LLM-classifierPython8.1 MB12648active
green-spacesPython4.0 MB4757archived
statschat-globalPython3.6 MB40058archived
occupationcoder-internationalPython2.9 MB15438archived
natural_spacesJupyter Notebook2.3 MB2726archived
sic-soc-llmPython2.1 MB949archived
rail_reporterPython1.6 MB12025archived
pprl_toolkitPython1.4 MB12964archived
ft_digital_tradeJupyter Notebook1.3 MB72100active
census21apiPython1.2 MB23629archived
nature_engagement_phase2Python865.3 kB5036archived
update-tf-modulesPython251.9 kB20052active