UK Public Sector GitHub Observatory
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nice-digital / Code

31 languages, 20.6 MB of source, and what the live estate is written in today.

Language figures come from GitHub's own per-repository byte counts, which measure source rather than a single headline label. File counts and repository sizes come from the mirrors themselves. The two tell different stories, and the difference is the point.

The codebase

31
languages in use
20.6 MB of source
8.5k
files at HEAD
across every analysed repository
0 B
on disk as mirrors
full history, every branch and tag
156.8 MB
largest repository
keystone-classic

What stands out

One archived repository holds 23% of all the bytes.

keystone-classic is 156.8 MB of git - a 2013 static snapshot of www.gov.uk, not source code. It single-handedly makes HTML the largest language by volume (8% of all source bytes). Any size or language statistic that does not exclude it is measuring an archive, not a codebase.

Sizes here are GitHub's reported figures.

This organisation was harvested with blobless partial clones, which fetch every commit and file path but not file contents, so there is no local size to measure against. Checked elsewhere in this dataset against 1,526 fully mirrored repositories, GitHub's reported size is accurate to within about six percent.

Ruby is the house language, but its share is falling.

Ruby is the primary language of 0% of archived repositories but only 0% of live ones. Python, Go, TypeScript and HCL have taken the difference - the signature of a shift from monolithic Rails publishing apps toward data pipelines, infrastructure-as-code and platform tooling.

Most repositories are small; a handful are enormous.

68% of repositories are under a megabyte of git data. The estate is not a monolith - it is a very long tail of small services, gems and prototypes around a few large publishing applications.

Languages, two ways

By volume of source

Bytes of code. Dominated by archived static HTML.

JavaScriptJavaScript: 6.0 MB6.0 MBJupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 4.2 MB4.2 MBTypeScriptTypeScript: 3.1 MB3.1 MBC#C#: 2.7 MB2.7 MBHTMLHTML: 1.7 MB1.7 MBRR: 1.1 MB1.1 MBCSSCSS: 899.5 kB899.5 kBSCSSSCSS: 461.2 kB461.2 kBLessLess: 119.3 kB119.3 kBGherkinGherkin: 118.3 kB118.3 kBPythonPython: 50.7 kB50.7 kBShellShell: 48.5 kB48.5 kBXSLTXSLT: 21.1 kB21.1 kBF#F#: 19.4 kB19.4 kB

By number of repositories

How many repositories name each language as their primary one. A better guide to what engineers actually work in.

JavaScriptJavaScript: 5353HTMLHTML: 2929C#C#: 2222CSSCSS: 2020ShellShell: 1616SCSSSCSS: 1515TypeScriptTypeScript: 1313DockerfileDockerfile: 1010MakefileMakefile: 77GherkinGherkin: 77ASP.NETASP.NET: 33BatchfileBatchfile: 33LessLess: 33Jupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 33

Live estate versus archive

The same language ranking, split by whether the repository is still active. The shift is the clearest signal of technical direction in the whole dataset.

Active repositories

JavaScriptJavaScript: 3636C#C#: 1515TypeScriptTypeScript: 1010HTMLHTML: 44ShellShell: 33PythonPython: 22Jupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 22RR: 11F#F#: 11SCSSSCSS: 11

Archived repositories

JavaScriptJavaScript: 11C#C#: 00TypeScriptTypeScript: 00HTMLHTML: 00ShellShell: 11PythonPython: 00Jupyter NotebookJupyter Notebook: 00RR: 00F#F#: 00SCSSSCSS: 00

Scale

Repository size distribution

Git data per repository, log-ish buckets.

2921.814.57.20< 10 kB: 6< 10 kB< 100 kB: 22< 100 kB< 1 MB: 29< 1 MB< 10 MB: 15< 10 MB< 100 MB: 11< 100 MB100 MB +: 1100 MB +

Commits against files

Each circle is a repository, sized by number of distinct authors. Both axes are logarithmic. The diagonal band is the normal relationship between codebase size and churn; outliers above it are long-lived apps with heavy iteration, below it are dumps and imports.

9.3k1.4k215.432.85.029.242.7197.5913.0FeatureToggleDotnet: 9 commits, 61 files, 2 authorsMAS: 789 commits, 213 files, 29 authorsNICE-model-repo: 296 commits, 196 files, 10 authorsNICE.Design: 2,811 commits, 413 files, 17 authorsNICE.TopHat: 451 commits, 139 files, 20 authorsPingLogger: 5 commits, 13 files, 2 authorsSciLiteratureProcessing: 13 commits, 7 files, 2 authorsSnooze: 358 commits, 370 files, 20 authorsWindsor.LifeStyles: 58 commits, 123 files, 5 authorsartifact-spike-consumer: 25 commits, 13 files, 3 authorsartifact-spike-package: 13 commits, 6 files, 3 authorsbackbone-collection: 23 commits, 7 files, 5 authorsbackbone-events: 6 commits, 7 files, 1 authorsbackbone-helpers: 7 commits, 7 files, 1 authorsbackbone-model: 18 commits, 7 files, 3 authorsbnf-gatsby: 1,684 commits, 473 files, 21 authorsbrowserslist-config: 12 commits, 5 files, 5 authorscks-gatsby: 1,951 commits, 613 files, 34 authorsconsultations: 3,854 commits, 693 files, 36 authorscookie-banner: 237 commits, 34 files, 19 authorscss: 35 commits, 8 files, 9 authorsdevelop-your-skills: 96 commits, 49 files, 3 authorsdlg-alpha: 71 commits, 80 files, 4 authorsdocker-relk: 5 commits, 12 files, 3 authorsdom: 159 commits, 19 files, 13 authorsengineering: 95 commits, 25 files, 1 authorseslint-config: 11 commits, 8 files, 3 authorsfile-diff-generator: 9 commits, 40 files, 2 authorsfrontend-testing-base: 85 commits, 24 files, 15 authorsglobal-nav: 1,467 commits, 156 files, 45 authorsglobal-nav-par: 24 commits, 156 files, 4 authorshashchange: 9 commits, 8 files, 2 authorshead-of-software-engineering: 19 commits, 3 files, 1 authorshealth-checks: 7 commits, 11 files, 2 authorshtml2json: 26 commits, 4 files, 7 authorshyperbone-model: 83 commits, 12 files, 1 authorshyperbone-model-with-io: 51 commits, 15 files, 1 authorshyperbone-router: 11 commits, 14 files, 1 authorshyperbone-view: 67 commits, 14 files, 1 authorsidentity: 898 commits, 521 files, 23 authorsidentity-customauthoriser: 55 commits, 9 files, 12 authorsidentity-hostedpages: 1,078 commits, 182 files, 25 authorsidentity-management: 1,296 commits, 376 files, 27 authorsinterview-code-review-exercise: 13 commits, 44 files, 2 authorsinterview-tests: 37 commits, 9 files, 6 authorsjs2html: 14 commits, 40 files, 3 authorsjsonld2html: 17 commits, 5 files, 2 authorskeystone-classic: 9,278 commits, 836 files, 364 authorsld-docker-build: 6 commits, 2 files, 3 authorsld-docker-elasticsearch: 17 commits, 7 files, 3 authorsmocks-apis: 56 commits, 62 files, 8 authorsnext-web: 5,127 commits, 913 files, 35 authorsnginx-geoipfilter: 24 commits, 12 files, 6 authorsnice-design-system: 2,768 commits, 566 files, 50 authorsnice-ds-breastcancer: 7 commits, 9 files, 3 authorsnice-ds-kidneycancer: 9 commits, 6 files, 3 authorsnice-icons: 193 commits, 79 files, 14 authorsniceorg-client: 405 commits, 93 files, 27 authorsnpm-vulnerability-scan: 5 commits, 4 files, 2 authorsnuget-par: 10 commits, 7 files, 2 authorsontologies: 329 commits, 34 files, 18 authorsplanning-pip-service: 8 commits, 17 files, 5 authorsrecommendations: 44 commits, 59 files, 9 authorsregistration: 58 commits, 17 files, 3 authorsregistration-ui: 146 commits, 56 files, 7 authorsroute: 13 commits, 8 files, 3 authorsstatic-maintenance-pages: 10 commits, 4 files, 3 authorsteamcity-build-number: 91 commits, 14 files, 12 authorstech-radar: 112 commits, 27 files, 5 authorstechnology-radar: 19 commits, 6 files, 4 authorstext-classifier-mlflow: 20 commits, 6 files, 2 authorstimelines: 47 commits, 54 files, 2 authorstimelines-poc: 37 commits, 49 files, 2 authorstimelines-reporting: 19 commits, 38 files, 2 authorstraverse: 9 commits, 9 files, 2 authorsttl2jsonld: 41 commits, 8 files, 2 authorsvalue: 23 commits, 11 files, 5 authorswdio-cucumber-steps: 280 commits, 147 files, 22 authorsfiles at HEAD (log)commits (log)

The shape of a repository

Directory layout is the cheapest reliable signal of what a repository actually is. app/ with config/ and spec/ is a Rails application; src/ with test/ is Java or Node. Counted by how many repositories contain each top-level directory at HEAD.

Most common top-level directories

srcsrc: 1717.vscode.vscode: 1616testtest: 1414functional-testsfunctional-tests: 66docsdocs: 55liblib: 55publicpublic: 44__mocks____mocks__: 44componentscomponents: 33taskstasks: 33scriptsscripts: 33teststests: 22distdist: 22gatsbygatsby: 22pagespages: 22stylesstyles: 22examplesexamples: 22serverserver: 22

Most common file extensions

By total file count across the estate.

.js.js: 1.4k1.4k.json.json: 1.1k1.1k.cs.cs: 939939.tsx.tsx: 787787.ts.ts: 554554.png.png: 477477.scss.scss: 392392.md.md: 310310.snap.snap: 266266.html.html: 161161.feature.feature: 133133.svg.svg: 127127.css.css: 112112.cshtml.cshtml: 9797.jsx.jsx: 9797.txt.txt: 8080

The twenty largest repositories

RepositoryLanguageGit size CommitsFilesStatus
keystone-classicJavaScript156.8 MB9,278836active
nuget-parC#99.9 MB107active
NICE-model-repoR64.0 MB296196active
NICE.DesignHTML53.7 MB2,811413active
nice-design-systemTypeScript41.4 MB2,768566active
NICE.TopHatJavaScript40.2 MB451139archived
SnoozeC#38.4 MB358370active
consultationsC#33.2 MB3,854693active
registrationC#33.1 MB5817active
identity-managementTypeScript25.7 MB1,296376active
develop-your-skillsJavaScript23.0 MB9649active
identityC#22.8 MB898521active
Windsor.LifeStylesC#9.1 MB58123active
next-webTypeScript8.6 MB5,127913active
cks-gatsbyTypeScript6.7 MB1,951613active
bnf-gatsbyTypeScript4.8 MB1,684473active
global-navJavaScript4.4 MB1,467156active
identity-hostedpagesJavaScript3.6 MB1,078182active
nice-ds-kidneycancerJupyter Notebook3.2 MB96active
nice-ds-breastcancerJupyter Notebook1.8 MB79active